A turbocharged engine delivers impressive power and efficiency, but what happens when the turbo malfunctions? Can turbo failure cause engine damage? This is a common concern among vehicle owners, especially those with high-performance or Diesel engines. Understanding the role of a turbo and recognizing warning signs of failure can help prevent severe engine damage. In this guide, we explore the impact of turbo failure and how to avoid costly repairs.
What Is a Turbocharger?
A turbocharger is a crucial component designed to enhance engine performance. It’s a forced induction system that compresses air entering the engine, allowing more fuel to burn efficiently. This results in better power output and fuel economy. While a turbo can significantly boost engine performance, failure can lead to major consequences if not addressed promptly.
How Do Turbo Chargers Work?
A turbo engine compresses air and forces it into the engine to improve power production. It is made up of a turbine and a compressor. The engine’s exhaust gases power the turbine. At the same time, the compressor compresses the air entering the engine, allowing more fuel to be used efficiently and providing more power and torque.
Turbo Failure Symptoms
Certain symptoms can tell you whether your turbo has failed and is causing engine damage.
- The car loses power and does not accelerate as quickly, reacts slowly, or fails to maintain high speeds.
- Your turbo emits a loud, whining noise that sounds like a dentist’s drill or a police siren.
- Your engine expels unique blue/grey smoke produced by an oil leak in the exhaust system.
- The check engine light on the dashboard alerts the driver of turbo issues.
If you witness any of the above symptoms that indicate a turbo failure, you must get your vehicle inspected to remedy any problems.
Turbo Failure Causes
There can be numerous causes behind turbo failure, including the following:
- Foreign Object Damage: Debris entering the intake system can damage the turbocharger’s blades.
- Oil Shortage: Insufficient lubrication leads to excessive friction, strain, and premature wear.
- Oil Contamination: Dirty or degraded oil can cause sludge buildup, restricting proper lubrication.
- Excessive Heat: Overheating can warp or crack turbo components, reducing efficiency.
- Boost Pressure Issues: Over-boosting or under-boosting due to faulty sensors or leaks can strain the turbo.
- Wear and Tear: Prolonged use without maintenance can degrade turbo components over time.
What Happens When Turbo Fails?
So, what happens if your turbo goes out? Here are the key consequences:
1. Engine Damage
A malfunctioning turbo can break apart, sending metal debris into the engine. These fragments can damage critical components like the pistons, valves, and combustion chamber, leading to extensive and expensive repairs. In serious cases, the entire engine may need replacement.
2. Oil Starvation and Lubrication Issues
Turbochargers require a steady supply of oil for lubrication. When a turbo fails, it may restrict oil flow or leak oil, causing increased friction between engine components. This leads to excessive wear on the crankshaft, bearings, and pistons, potentially resulting in complete engine failure.
3. Air-Fuel Imbalance
A faulty turbo disrupts the air-fuel ratio, leading to inefficient combustion. This imbalance can increase fuel consumption, produce excess emissions, and contribute to long-term engine wear. It may also cause detonation, which can damage pistons and cylinder walls.
4. Overheating and Thermal Stress
Since turbos assist in heat dissipation, failure can lead to excessive heat buildup. This can warp gaskets, damage cylinder heads, and even crack the engine block. Overheating can also degrade engine oil, reducing its effectiveness and accelerating internal wear.
5. Increased Fuel Consumption
A properly functioning turbo improves fuel efficiency by enhancing combustion. When it fails, the engine compensates by burning more fuel to maintain power output, leading to decreased mileage and higher fuel expenses.
6. Oil Leaks and Contamination
A damaged turbo can leak oil into the intake or exhaust system, leading to carbon buildup and sludge formation. This contamination accelerates wear on engine components, clogging essential systems and reducing engine lifespan.
7. Environmental Impact
Turbo failure often results in excessive emissions due to inefficient combustion and oil burning. This not only has a negative effect on the environment but can also lead to failing emissions tests, making the vehicle non-compliant with regulations.
Preventing Your Turbo from Failure
Follow these seven tips to avoid turbocharger failure:
- Use the recommended engine oil and change it on schedule.
- Let the engine idle briefly before turning it off.
- Allow the engine to warm up before putting it through its paces.
- Do not overwork the engine or exceed the manufacturer’s suggested boost levels.
- Inspect the intake system for leaks and repair them as soon as possible.
- Regularly check and clean or replace the air filter.
- Maintain your vehicle regularly and according to the manufacturer’s maintenance plan.
What to Do When Your Turbo Is Damaged?
Once you have confirmed without a doubt that your turbocharger is blown or damaged, you have two options.
The first option is to take your vehicle to a service center and have the broken turbocharger replaced. This may be a more expensive option, but you can be confident that the part is brand-new and potentially comes with a warranty.
For those looking to save money, the second alternative is available. You can repair or recondition the turbocharger and reinstall it in your car. However, this option is only recommended for individuals with minor damage to their turbos. It is advised that you replace the turbocharger if it is significantly damaged.
Conclusion
If ignored, turbo failure can cause engine damage. A malfunctioning turbo can compromise performance, cause overheating, and lead to severe engine failure. Regular maintenance, prompt repairs, and high-quality parts can help prevent costly damage. If your turbo shows signs of trouble, act fast to avoid engine failure and costly repairs.
If your turbo is beyond repair, buy a new one from Diesel Components Inc. We have a range of engine kits, turbochargers, and other parts to help you repair your diesel engine components. Contact us now by simply calling (800) 252-6625 or (952) 890-2885.
